形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)
大纲要求
形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。
一、形容词在句子中的作用
1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)
I like this red dress very much.(定语)
She is beautiful. (表语)
The patient is asleep. (表语)
Who has got the indo open? (宾语补足语)
Ive got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)
I said it ould happen， and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)
2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
alike， afraid， alone， asleep， aake， aare， alive， ashamed， unable， content.
二、副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要作状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately， he asnt at home hen I came. (修饰整个句子)
Luckily， she asnt injured in the accident.(修饰整个句子)
Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)
I have been extremely busy these days.(修饰形容词)
I can hardly agree ith you.(修饰动词)
He orks terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)
三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er ， -est.
如small， smaller， smallest; great， greater， greatest; clever， cleverer， cleverest; quiet， quieter， quietest ; mon， moner， monest; narro， narroer， narroest.
2、以e结尾的词加-r ， -st .
如larger， larger ， largest ; simple， simpler ， simplest ; polite， politer ， politest; brave， braver， bravest; fine， finer， finest.
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 再加-er ， -est .
如busy，busier， busiest; heavy，heavier， heaviest; happy，happier， happiest.
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词，双写该辅音字母，再加-er， -est .(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)
如big，bigger， biggest; thin，thinner， thinnest; hot，hotter， hottest.
双音节词，多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more， most.
如difficult， more difficult， most difficult， interesting， more interesting， most interesting; useful， more useful， most useful.
特殊的比较级和最高级
四、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用，表示与什么相比。
This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.
为了避免重复，从句常用一些代词。
比较必须是两个相同的成分。
Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the pany.
Small oranges are usually seeter than big ones.
It is better to be prepared than unprepared.
This is easier said than done.
She is taller than I(me)。
I meet ith more difficulties than she does.
The girls in my class are more active than those in his class.
1、有than 就要考虑比较级。
2、比较的成分要完全一致。
2、“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越…”。
My father alked faster and faster until I could no longer keep up ith him .
keep up ith 跟上，赶上
no longer=not any longer
My father alked faster and faster until I couldnt keep up ith him any longer. (not 用来否定动词)
Our country is getting stronger and stronger.
Things are getting better and better every day.
Im getting more and more interested in arts.
get interested in 对……感兴趣
3.“the +比较级…，the+比较级”，表示“越是…就越…”。
The more haste， the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The harder she orks， the more progress she makes.
make progress 取得进步
The more I study it， the more I like it.
Actually， the busier he is， the happier he feels.
The more preparation you do no， the less nervous youll be before the exam.
The sooner you start， the faster youll be finished.
五、形容词和副词最高级的用法
最高级的前面通常要加定冠词，副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的范围。
Of all the places Ive visited， I like Hangzhou best.
This is the orst movie Ive ever seen.
Beijing is one of the largest cities in the orld.
For me， Tuesday is one of the busiest day in the eek.
Among all the students， he runs (the) fastest.
比较级前面有时也加the ，表示两者之间“较…的一个”。
Both of the to girls are beautiful， but I think the tall one is more beautiful of the to.
The five-year-old boy chose the more expensive of the to toys.
六、“as+原级+as”，“not as / so +原级+as”
“as+原级+as”，表示“和…一样…”， “not as / so +原级+as”表示“不及…”。
He is as good a simmer as any of us.
注意 good 的位置
Hes as tall as I.
It is not as hot in Beijing as in Wuhan.
He does not smoke so heavily as his father.
French is just as difficult a language as English.
She is as good a cook as her mother.
I have never seen so beautiful a place as Hangzhou.
never 否定含义
类似的还有hardly， little， fe
“as+原级+as one can”和“as +原级+as possible”表示“尽可能地…”。
Come as soon as possible.
There is nothing e can do but ait as calmly as e can.
there is nothing…but… ， but后一定跟动词原形
“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。
My ne coat cost me four times as much as the old one.
先说倍数，然后在as+原级+as
cost 花费，主语是物。spend， 主语是人。
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
spend in doing sth.
spend on sth.
This room is tice as large as that one.
This room is tice larger than that one.
七、比较级、最高级和“as+原级+as”前面都可以有表示程度的状语。
The sun is much bigger than the earth.
错误The sun is more bigger than the earth.
She is by far the cleverest girl in our class.
by far 到目前为止
Its being the third largest city in the country.
They have many more chemistry books than e.
There is much more ater in this jar than that one.
They ill e back a little earlier.
This time she ran a good deal faster.
Tom is six centimeters taller than John.
Of all the orkers in the factory， Alice is by far the most skilled.
重点掌握
1、只能作表语的形容词。
2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
3、比较级多用than，个别情况下用 of the to.比较时，前后成分一定一致。
4、the +比较级…，the+比较级
5、as+原级+as ， not as / so +原级+as
6、“as+原级+as”可以用来表示倍数。
He is almost as tall as his brother.
My father isnt as old as he looks.
This ord is used less frequently in British English than in American English.
Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people.
Winter is draing near. Its getting colder and colder.
The more you practise riting， the better you ill do it.
The more ork e give our brains， the more ork it is able to do.
